Advanced Pathophysiology Across Lifespan Paper.
Question 1.
A 60-year-old woman is suspected of having non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Which of the following aspects of her condition would help to rule out Hodgkin lymphoma?
Her neoplasm originates in secondary lymphoid structures. Advanced Pathophysiology Across Lifespan Paper.
The lymph nodes involved are located in a large number of locations in the lymphatic system.
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The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells has been confirmed.
The woman complains of recent debilitating fatigue.
Question 2.
Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit from transplantation of thymic tissue or major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-compatible bone marrow?
A 12-year-old girl with a history of epilepsy and low IgG levels secondary to phenytoin use
A 7-year-old boy whose blood work indicates decreased IgA and IgG with increased IgM
A 6-year-old boy whose pre-B cells are incapable of translation to normal B cells
A 9-year-old girl who has a diagnosis of IgA deficiency
Question 3.
A nurse practitioner is teaching her colleagues about the role of cytokines in a variety of pathologies. Which of the following teaching points best captures an aspect of the functions and nature of cytokines?
“A particular cytokine can have varied effects on different systems, a fact that limits their therapeutic use.”
“Cytokine production is constant over time, but effects are noted when serum levels cross a particular threshold.”
“Most cytokines are produced by granular leukocytes, and different cells are capable of producing the same cytokine.”
“Cytokine actions are self-limiting in that activation of one precludes activation of other cytokines with similar actions.”
Question 4.
A 29-year-old construction worker got a sliver under his fingernail four days ago. The affected finger is now reddened, painful, swollen, and warm to the touch. Which of the following hematological processes is most likely occurring in response to the infection?
Proliferation of immature neutrophils
High circulatory levels of myeloblasts
Increased segmented neutrophil production
Phagocytosis by myelocytes
Question 5.
A 40-year-old woman who experiences severe seasonal allergies has been referred by her family physician to an allergist for weekly allergy injections. The woman is confused as to why repeated exposure to substances that set off her allergies would ultimately benefit her. Which of the following phenomena best captures the rationale for allergy desensitization therapy?
Repeated exposure to offending allergens binds the basophils and mast cells that mediate the allergic response.
Exposure to allergens in large, regular quantities overwhelms the IgE antibodies that mediate the allergic response.
Repeated exposure stimulates adrenal production of epinephrine, mitigating the allergic response.
Injections of allergens simulate production of IgG, which blocks antigens from combining with IgE.
Question 6.
A 22-year-old female who adheres to a vegan diet has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following components of her diagnostic blood work would be most likely to necessitate further investigation?
Decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
Microcytic, hypochromic red cells
Decreased erythropoietin levels
Question 7.
Following a course of measles, a 5-year-old girl developed scattered bruising over numerous body surfaces and was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As part of her diagnostic workup, blood work was performed. Which of the following results is most likely to be considered unexpected by the health care team? Advanced Pathophysiology Across Lifespan Paper.
Increased thrombopoietin levels
Decreased platelet count
Normal vitamin K levels
Normal leukocyte levels
Question 8.
As part of his diagnostic workup, a 77-year-old man’s nurse practitioner has ordered blood work that includes ferritin levels. The man is very interested in the details of his health care and is unfamiliar with ferritin and its role. He asks his nurse practitioner to explain the significance of it and the rationale for testing it. Which of the following explanations by the nurse practitioner is most accurate?
“Ferritin is the activated and usable form of iron that your red blood cells can use to transport oxygen.”
“Ferritin is a stored form of iron that indirectly shows me whether you would benefit from iron pills.” Advanced Pathophysiology Across Lifespan Paper.
“Ferritin is a protein-iron complex that allows your red blood cells to make use of the iron that you consume in your diet.”
“Ferritin is the form of iron that is transported in your blood plasma to the red blood cells that need it.”
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Question 9.
A 23-year-old man has received a recent diagnosis of appendicitis following 24 hours of acute abdominal pain. The nurse practitioner providing care for the man is explaining that while it is unpleasant, the inflammation of his appendix is playing a role in his body’s fight against the underlying infectious process. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse practitioner eliminate from his teaching for the patient?
“Inflammation can help to remove the body tissue cells that have been damaged by infection.” Advanced Pathophysiology Across Lifespan Paper.
“Inflammation will start your body on the path to growing new, healthy tissue at the site of infection.
“Inflammation helps your body to produce the right antibodies to fight the infection.”
“Inflammation ultimately aids in eliminating the initial cause of the cell injury in your appendix.” Advanced Pathophysiology Across Lifespan Paper.