Political Science in Political Systems Assignment.
1. Modern interest groups play a crucial role in political systems. These groups of people share common interests. They strategically contribute to political campaigns that support their beliefs and goals. Interest groups have a huge place in endorsing political candidates, especially those that share in their aspirations. More than endorsing candidates, interest groups approve manifestos and use this as metrics to engender candidature at the political party level (Gilens, Martin and Benjamin 568). Political Science in Political Systems Assignment.These groups support such candidates financially in their campaigns while mobilizing for support. Interest groups are also critical players in policymaking. They lobby for legislators before conducting civic education through publishing information or mass education on policies affecting the public.
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Interest groups are more effective when working alongside political parties than when working on their own. Interest groups have a significant influence during party nominations. Although interest groups are partisan, they greatly influence the choice of leaders with a clear beneficial agenda to the group and the general public. As such, political parties and interest groups are co-dependent (Gilens, Martin and Benjamin 573). Interest groups proactively participate in political party politics to forge leadership that favors their interests. On the other hand, political parties rely on the interest groups for communication, cooperation, and campaigns for their candidates to win in elections. This relation brings out the greater role of interest groups in politics.
3. The gender gap is the difference between men and women in politics, social forums and the various elements of economic welfare. In politics, the gender gap is reflected in the available opportunities for women in top leadership positions, decision-making committees and representation towards developmental agendas. The main obstacle against bridging the gender gap is the violence and the discriminatory culture against women. Traditional regulations on land and property inheritance, the role of women in society and penal codes are the main hindrances to gender equality in politics.
For the gender gap to be closed, eliminating harassment of women through online platforms has to be stalled. To this end, cultural habits that criticize women in politics for neglecting their families must be strongly condemned as well. This means empowering women to pursue political goals and supporting policies on equality. It’s also important to sensitize people on the importance of gender equality. (Morgan, Jana, and Magda 74). Largely, advocacy groups have initiated programs to shed light on gender equality. This should dismantle the misconstrued perspective that women in leadership threaten the place of women in society. Political Science in Political Systems Assignment.Measures such as these increase accessibility to political seats and roles geared toward eliminating the gender gap.
5. Bureaucracy is the systematic form of government with an organized hierarchy where a few elected leaders with specialized roles manage the large-scale functions of the society. The term originated amongst the French and had grown to be an applicable concept in the American political systems (Asatryan et al. 128). The roles of bureaucracy in government include implementing federal laws and policies, executing administrative functions such as issuing licenses and regulating the activities of the government.
Bureaucracies are ineffective in achieving the goals of democracy even with the much that they accomplish. The structure of a bureaucratic system is such that a few individuals make crucial decisions on behalf of the larger population, which is contrary to a democracy. Bureaucracy is centered on paperwork which slows the actual process of policy implementation. Most of the policies and regulations are limited to conventional situations yet arising situations demand better and more informed policies (Asatryan et al. 130). Political Science in Political Systems Assignment.In line with this, the process of responding to a situation is sluggish in a bureaucratic system of administration. This is because the procedures of paperwork, drafting policies, filling forms, and legislation has to be adhered to. Bureaucracies are consequently not time effective in attending to situations.
7. Democrats and Republicans differ on the fundamental aspects of minimum wage, taxes and government regulation of the economy. Democrats fully support progressive tax while Republicans vouch for a flat tax for everyone. Democrats contend that it is only fair for high-income earners to pay higher taxes, a concept that does not resonate with Republicans. While Democrats campaign for an increase in minimum wages, Republicans oppose this with the argument that increasing minimum wages hurt business (Blinder, Alan and Mark 1033). The conservative nature of Republicans applies here as they fight for the individualistic society where people seek policies that benefit a few as the majority struggle with low-income.
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Both parties have different views regarding government regulation of the economy. Republicans favor minimum government regulations in private and public business such that business and organizations maximize profits in all possible ways (Blinder, Alan and Mark 1025). Democrats, on the other hand, believe that government regulation creates fairgrounds for business and higher tax revenue for economic growth. Both parties consequently propose different measures to cope with economic downturns. Democrats contend that the best way to deal with economic downturns is through deficit spending to trigger business improvement strategies. Political Science in Political Systems Assignment.Democrats also propose welfare programs to help citizens in the economic hardships. Republicans, on the contrary, perceive alterations in money supply to be the remedy for economic strains. This includes lowering the rates of federal funds and banking reserve ratios to promote the growth of the business.
Works Cited
Asatryan, Zareh, Friedrich Heinemann, and Hans Pitlik. “Reforming the public administration: The role of crisis and the power of bureaucracy.” European Journal of Political Economy 48 (2017): 128-143.
Blinder, Alan S., and Mark W. Watson. “Presidents and the US economy: An econometric exploration.” American Economic Review 106.4 (2016): 1015-1045.
Gilens, Martin, and Benjamin I. Page. “Testing theories of American politics: Elites, interest groups, and average citizens.” Perspectives On Politics 12.3 (2014): 564-581.
Morgan, Jana, and Magda Hinojosa. “Women in political parties: Seen but not heard.” Gender And Representation In Latin America (2018): 74-98. Political Science in Political Systems Assignment.