Sustaining Authoritarian Regimes Assignment.

Countries within the Middle East and North Africa ( MENA) region have been characterized with rich natural resources, which has been have often revealed classical symptoms linked to oil investor nations: chronic political unrest, undemocratic governments and heavily distorted economies. Abderrezak (2004) uses the Dutch disease hypothesis to explain the correlation between economic performance of countries within the MENA region and their
natural resource endowment. Abderrezak article argues that institutions that were imprinted in these nations at their decolonization or rebirth have left a longstanding effect of their economic functioning. Further, the article uses cross-country growth model to establish that the contemporary economic growth within the MENA region has been impacted by the rebirth conditions of the region through variations in investment, population growth, trade strategies and
government. Sustaining Authoritarian Regimes Assignment.
Oskarsson, K. (2012). Economic Sanctions on Authoritarian States:

ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Lessons Learned.
Middle East Policy, 19(4), 88-102. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4967.2012.00562.x
The post- cold war globe has been characterized with multilateral economic sanctions.
Sanctions have become a complementary or alternative to military response to stimulate change
in the behavior of a nation. The primary reason for the popularity of economic sanctions is the
gap between military and words response. Oskarsson (2012) employs his article to explore
reasons why economic sanctions leveled on authoritarian regimes fail to induce political change. Sustaining Authoritarian Regimes Assignment.
The article draws examples from Libya and Iraq in order to explain why economic sanctions
imposed on authoritarian regimes fail to materialize. Both cases reveal that authoritarian
governments are better equipped to transfer the burden of the sanctions to their populaces while
making the cost of antigovernment response extremely prohibitive. Interestingly, sanctions tend
to reorganize the targeted nation’s political economy in a manner that ironically strengthens
authoritarian regimes.

Baiasu, K. D. (2009). “Sustaining Authoritarian Rule” Retrieved 18 June 2014 from:
http://groups.northwestern.edu/njia/?p=85
Baiasu (2009) asserts that Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy that is characterized by a
rentier economy and an authoritarian political regime. The article analyzes political reforms in
the light of the economic elites, the state and the religion in order to reveal how Saudi Arabia has
been able to sustain authoritarian regime. Baiasu (2009) notes that the authoritarian regime in
Saudi Arabia is sustained through oil rent, support from international economic institutions, its
international patrons, its institutions and character of the state as well as the ability of the state to
adapt to the changing political environment by shifting alliances.
Boix, C. & Milan, S. (2008). “The Foundations of Limited Authoritarian Government: Sustaining Authoritarian Regimes Assignment.
Institutions and Power-sharing in Dictatorships” Retrieved 18 June 2014 from:
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=How+the+Global+Economic+Institution
s+Sustain+the+Authoritarian+Regimes&source=web&cd=9&cad=rja&uact=8&ved
=0CGQQFjAI&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2F~piirs%2FDictato
rships042508%2FBoix%2520and%2520Svolik.pdf&ei=RaKhU9z9J6ey0QWpoIHA
Bw&usg=AFQjCNH-
_taP_BC1FRcmN13te3EeZuq1Cg&sig2=AvB3Xz2NfAu09cm5iHKDGQ&bvm=bv.6
9137298,d.d2k

Boix & Milan (2008) propose a theoretic model that explains why authoritarian regimes
normally survive. They argue that authoritarian regimes survive because of political institutions
that promote the stability of power sharing. The theory advanced by Boix & Milan (2008) Sustaining Authoritarian Regimes Assignment.
predicts the relationship between economic development, leader tenure and political institutions.
The article opines that authoritarian rules are able to retain their control over their subjects by
acquiring the support of a set of notables or elites as well as international economic systems. In
other words, the power sharing arrangement constitutes the very basis of political authority
within the central and polity dilemma of any non- autocratic state is established by the will that
allows the ruling coalition to govern in a controlled manner.
King, S. J. (2009) “The New Authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa”
Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253221463, 9780253221469
King (2009) draws examples from Syria, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt to explain how
global economic institutions continue to promote authoritarian regimes. The article argues that
autocrats in these countries utilize the patronage based on the dominance of the ruling regime
and economic liberation as well as affiliated global international institutions to subvert forces
towards democratic political systems. In other words, institutional legacy and domestic structural
adjustments are critical factors that enable authoritarian regimes in the identified countries to
transform authoritarian governance without losing control and power. King (2009) argues further
that global political trends and world economic adjustments work against democratization in the
Arab republics. With the wake of international terrorism, international economic bodies are more
willing to work with authoritarian regimes within the Middle East and Northern African region. Sustaining Authoritarian Regimes Assignment.

References

Abderrezak, A. (2004). “Colonisation's Long-Lasting Influence on Economic Growth: Evidence
from the MENA Region.” The Journal of Northern African Studies, 9 (3), 103- 112. DOI:
10.1080/1362938042000325831
Baiasu, K. D. (2009). “Sustaining Authoritarian Rule” Retrieved 18 June 2014 from: Sustaining Authoritarian Regimes Assignment.
http://groups.northwestern.edu/njia/?p=85
Boix, C. & Milan, S. (2008). “The Foundations of Limited Authoritarian Government:

ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE
Institutions and Power-sharing in Dictatorships” Retrieved 18 June 2014 from:
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=How+the+Global+Economic+Institutions+Su
stain+the+Authoritarian+Regimes&source=web&cd=9&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CGQQ
FjAI&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.princeton.edu%2F~piirs%2FDictatorships042508%2
FBoix%2520and%2520Svolik.pdf&ei=RaKhU9z9J6ey0QWpoIHABw&usg=AFQjCNH-
_taP_BC1FRcmN13te3EeZuq1Cg&sig2=AvB3Xz2NfAu09cm5iHKDGQ&bvm=bv.691
37298,d.d2k
King, S. J. (2009) “The New Authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa” Indiana
University Press. ISBN 0253221463, 9780253221469
Oskarsson, K. (2012). Economic Sanctions on Authoritarian States: Lessons Learned. Middle
East Policy, 19(4), 88-102. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4967.2012.00562.x Sustaining Authoritarian Regimes Assignment.