Labour market policies in Quebec and Ontario Case Study.
Central Canada: Ontario and Quebec
Despite the growth and diversification of the economy in the west, central Canada’s domination
over the national economy remains firm. With the exception of fossil fuel extraction, central
Canada dominates the national economy by almost every measure. Central Canada contains
((almost 62% of Canadian population, 57% of Canadian GDP; more than 75% of manufacturing
activities, centre of financial capital). Labour market policies in Quebec and Ontario Case Study.
Canada’s most sources of innovations and financial infrastructures are contained within the
metropolitan economies and industries of the Windsor-Quebec city corridor.
The region displays the transition to a post-industrial service economy (sectoral
distribution of employment; primary, less than 3%. Secondary, around 17%. Services,
around 80%).
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The difference between Ontario and Quebec;
The differences between the economies of these two provinces continue to be marked by the
legacy of the past and socio-political developments the 1960s
Divergent patterns of economic development in lower and Upper Canada during the 19th
century
Average income of framers in Ontario was higher than in Quebec.
Ontario’s industrial development was stronger than in Quebec. Labour market policies in Quebec and Ontario Case Study.
Quebec specialized in labor-intensive and low productivity industry.
Montreal which was once the centre of commercial empire of St. Lawrence gradually lost its
position to Toronto.
Explanation: unequal beginning
Agricultural production in early and mid 19th century: wheat
Ontario: booming wheat export
Quebec: agricultural crisis, crop failure
Improved market conditions in the second half of 19 th century: Reciprocity treaty and railway
construction
Ontario: capitalizing on previous success in wheat export.
Quebec. The failure of the past affected the ability of Quebec farmers to utilize the new
opportunities
Industrial Development: Labour market policies in Quebec and Ontario Case Study.
Ontario; was bounded up in an organic process of wheat-based economic growth. All elements
necessary for industrial development were mainly local.
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Quebec; an unproductive agriculture and an intermittent forest industry provided a weak base
for industrial development. Industrial growth was mainly based on elements external to the
province. Labour market policies in Quebec and Ontario Case Study.
The decline of the economic power of Montreal: shift in the centre of gravity to Toronto.
1-The development of American trade route in 1840s broke the monopoly of St. Lawrence and
weakened the position of Montréal based wholesalers and grain handlers. Enhanced the
independence of wholesalers in Toronto. This development allowed Ontario to retain benefits
from the wheat export;
2-Political uncertainty ensuing the Quiet Revolution of 1960s.
Globalization, political partisanship and Labour Market Policies in Ontario
and Quebec;
1- Political partisanship and labour Market Policy outcomes.
2- Globalization-induced long term retrenchment
Globalization impact is mitigated by Institutional settings
Institutional configurations: (Ontario) ——————————— (Quebec
Welfare state regime
Production Regime
Party system.Labour market policies in Quebec and Ontario Case Study.
Partisan swings and retrenchment of labour market policies:
Ontario:
Short-term swing: high
Long term-neoliberal retrenchment: low/indeterminate
Quebec
Short-term swing: low
Long term-neoliberal retrenchment: low
Comparing labour market policies in Quebec and Ontario on.
Labour market policies in Quebec and Ontario Case Study.